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The Tektronix 4010 series was a family of text and graphics computer terminals based on the company's storage tube technology. There were several members of the family introduced through the 1970s, the best known being the 11-inch 4010 and 19-inch 4014. They were widely used in the CAD market in the 1970s and early 1980s. The 4000 series were less expensive (under $10,000〔(Computer Display Review ), March 1970, Keydata Corp., p. V.1982〕) than earlier graphics terminals, such as the IBM 2250 because no additional electronics were needed to maintain the display on the screen. They remained popular until the introduction of inexpensive graphics workstations in the 1980s. The new graphics workstations used raster displays and dedicated screen buffers that became more affordable as solid state memory chips became cheaper. ==History== The Tektronix direct-view storage tube was first used in the Tektronix 564 oscilloscope in 1963, and was first used for non-oscilloscope applications in the 601 monitor in 1968. A number of graphics terminals based on this tube and others from the 600-series were developed, including the Advanced Remote Display Station from MIT's Project MAC, and the KV8I (later, KV8E) from Digital Equipment Corporation using the later 11-inch diagonal 611. These consisted of just the tube and related basic electronics, it was up to software on the host computer to produce a display by driving the controls directly. Tektronix decided to enter the terminal market themselves, introducing the 4002 in 1969, and the updated 4002A in 1971. The latter sold for $9,400 in 1973, or $9,550 with a customized host adaptor. These were similar to the earlier 3rd party terminals, essentially combining one of their storage tubes with the circuitry needed to decode instructions from the host and turn those into control inputs. However, the 4002's had the unique feature that only a portion of the screen was a storage tube, with a small section set aside for normal refresh-based drawing. This area was used for status messages and entering commands. As they did not include raster scan hardware or any form of memory, refreshing this area rapidly enough to reduce flicker was up to the host computer. The 4002s were first supplanted and then replaced by the 4010 starting in 1972. A number of changes and simplifications allowed these to be far less expensive, initially released at $3,950 without a custom host communications interface, or $4,240 with one. Other models in the 4010 series included the 4012 which added lower case characters, and the 4013 with an APL character set. These were implemented using plug-in boards that could be added to the base-model 4010 as well. In the 1980s, a version using a built-in RS-232 port and a number of missing features was released as the 4006, which was small enough to fit on a desk, selling for $2,995 in 1980.〔 The 4014 joined the line in 1974 at $8,450, introducing a larger 19-inch screen as well as a more an ergonomic layout. It had a wide range of new features as well, which made it much more effective in many contexts and became especially common in computer aided design use. The upgrades are so widespread that the 4014 series is sometimes considered to be a separate line from the 4010. The 4015 was a 4014 with the APL card from the 4013. The 4016, introduced in 1979, was a version with a 25-inch screen and a somewhat different mechanical layout to provide room for the much larger tube. It was much more expensive, with the base model selling for $19,500 in 1980. A wide variety of peripherals were available that worked on some or all of these models. The first line, introduced with the 4010, included the 4610 Hard Copy Unit, a graphics printer. This used a system in the monitor to scan the display line-by-line which was then sent to the printer where a second one-line tall CRT duplicated the image on thermal paper. Normally selling for $3,550, a $3,950 version allowed the printer to be shared among four terminals. The adaptor could be pre-installed in the 4010, making it the 4010-1, and it came pre-installed on both the 4012 and 4013 which do not appear to have used the -1 notation to indicate this. The 4631 was a version of the 4610 with a sheet feeder and higher speed. A properly equipped 4014 could also drive a plotter through an expansion card, including the GPIB-based 4662 Interactive Digital Plotter and 4663 C-sized version. Plotters offered colored pen selection, which could be embedded in the graphics data. For storage, the systems could write out a stream of characters as they were received from the host, allowing them to be played back locally to recreate the display. Storage options included the 4911 punch tape, the 4912 using cassette tapes based on a Sykes TT120 mechanism,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://terminals.classiccmp.org/wiki/index.php/File:Tektronix_4912_321549216018-10.jpg )〕 and later added the 4923 based on the 3M DC300 digital tape system. Other devices in the line included the 4901 and 4903 Interactive Graphic Unit which drew crosshairs on the 4002 but was later built-in to the later models, and the 4951 Joystick. The 4551 Light Pen, originally developed for the 611, could also be used. The 4010 series was also used as the basis for two self-hosted systems. The Tektronix 4050 series used the 4010 or 4014 with internal processors and a DC300 tape unit to produce a simple desktop unit. There were three models in the original 4010-based 4051 with an 8-bit processor, the 4042 with a 16-bit processor, and the 4054 which combined the 4014 screen with the 4052 logic. The 4081 was a version with an Interdata 7/16 minicomputer built into an office desk, which saw limited use. Tektronix continued selling the storage tubes to OEMs, the 19" version as the GMA101 and 102 (the former offering roughly twice the drawing speed) and the 25" as the GMA 125. Tektronix also sold a set of graphics routines in FORTRAN known as PLOT10 that converted simple inputs like lists of numbers into a graphic display like a chart. Another common solution was the DISSPLA system, which was adapted to run on the 4010. The command format for sending graphics to the terminals was very simple, and was soon copied by a number of other terminal vendors. These later moved to traditional video terminals using raster scan displays, although these generally offered lower resolution, perhaps half that of the 4010. A number of these also understood the color codes from the Tektronix 4105 raster scan terminal, which added color to the original 4010 command set. This emulation continued to be used and copied by newer terminals to this day; NCSA Telnet〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~jpopyack/Graphics/NCSA.Tektronix.pdf )〕 and xterm emulates the 4014 (xterm -t). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tektronix 4010」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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